Guide for Authors

for Philippine Journal of Agricultural Economics

All journal contributors are required to follow the prescribed journal format set by PAIR. Each element in the entire manuscript is presented in detail to ensure that the authors can fully follow the procedure from manuscript preparation down to its final revision.

 Initial Submission

Articles (in Word format) should be submitted to journals@philair.ph and jpairjournals@gmail.com for initial evaluation. After the first assessment and 1st Technology-Based Quality Assurance (Grammarly Test, Plagiarism Test, Readability Test, and Reference-Checking), the editorial office shall inform the author whether his paper has been accepted or rejected for publication in accordance with the qualifying standards set by PAIR.

  1. Qualifying Standards for Electronic Submission  

           A full manuscript should pass the following criteria:

Criterion 1: Scope, Newness, and Relevance/Applicability to

International Community – 45%

  • The scope (extent of what one intends to cover) of the study is wide-ranging.
  • The aspects of the paper such as, but not limited to, methods and results are seemingly new.
  • The entire paper is interesting to read by other nations.
  • The research results have international character and applicability.
  • The quality of academic writing reflects the nature and nuances of the discipline.
  • The quality of academic writing is graduate level.

Criterion 2: Results of Plagiarism, Grammar, and Readability Check – 20%

The manuscript obtains the minimum result: plagiarism detection – 95%; grammar check – 90%.

 Criterion 3: Quality of References – 20%

  • Sources (journals, books, and other references) are traceable online unless otherwise a justification is made.
  • Journals are internationally refereed and indexed.
  • Journals are not listed in Beall’s list of stand-alone journals and predatory publishers.
  • Articles on Wikipedia and gray literature (non-scientific sources) must be avoided.
  • Scientific sources cited were published preferably in the Year 2010 onwards unless otherwise a justification is given.

Criterion 4: Completeness of Parts – 15%

  • Each part of the manuscript contains appropriate and sufficient substance.
  • The paper demonstrates the following parts:

1. HEADING
       Title
       Name of the Author(s)
       ORCID No.
       Email Address
       Affiliation
       Address

2. ABSTRACT
3. KEYWORDS
4. INTRODUCTION
5. FRAMEWORK
6. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
7. MATERIALS AND METHODS (for experimental research)
METHODOLOGY (for non-experimental research)
8. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
9. CONCLUSIONS
10. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
11. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
12. LITERATURE CITED 

Manuscript Formatting Guide TITLE

  • Boldface
  • 12-15 characters
  • Title by result (preferably)
  • Catchy, interesting, relevant to an international audience
  • Language universally understandable
  • Set the first letter of each keyword in uppercase

For example,

Title by Scope: Categorizing Communication Strategies in the Oral Expositions of Tourism Management Students (X)

Title by Result: Fillers, Mime and Self-Repetitions as Most Frequently Used Communication Strategies in Oral Expositions (v)

HEADING

  • Name of Author/s (First name, Middle Initial, Last Name)
  • Boldface
  • Sentence case
  • ORCID No. (Register to https://orcid.org to obtain your orcid no.)
  • Gmail address or webmail address (It is a policy of PAIR)
  • pursuant to our ISO standards that no contributors shall use yahoo mail)
  • Affiliation (Institution or Organization)
  • Address (City, Country e.g. Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines)

for example

Name of the Author
Orcid No.: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-2345-6789
Email: youremail@gmail.com
Institution/Affiliation
Address

ABSTRACT

  • Should contain 210 (minimum)- 250 (maximum) words
  • The Abstract must contain five parts written in one paragraph: Introduction to the topic, chief purpose/objective, method, results, and conclusion.

for example, (250 words)

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras eu maximus mauris, quis aliquam lectus. Morbi tempus sit amet eros sit amet tempor. Aenean finibus felis tortor, sit amet fringilla sem imperdiet ut. Fusce eget vulputate sem. Donec at varius risus, nec aliquet nisl. Aliquam lacinia ligula vitae pellentesque aliquet. Quisque consectetur ligula libero, sit amet auctor urna fringilla quis. Praesent sapien massa, mollis eget dapibus at, luctus at lectus. Nam eu neque nulla. Aliquam erat volutpat. Aenean faucibus ultrices hendrerit. Sed pellentesque nec nulla vel porta. Donec pulvinar nisi quis urna faucibus posuere. Donec et velit tincidunt, condimentum mauris eget, volutpat lorem. Ut efficitur purus justo. Quisque aliquet enim ut consectetur lacinia. Phasellus ac ligula ligula. Phasellus est urna, ullamcorper sit amet elit scelerisque, congue viverra urna. Maecenas nec pulvinar neque. In vitae lorem quis velit semper fringilla sed sed odio. Pellentesque eros elit, molestie non eros sit amet, euismod efficitur tortor. Aliquam pulvinar mi vel dapibus sodales. Nunc dictum arcu ut facilisis vulputate. Ut nisi est, congue a bibendum lacinia, luctus nec magna. Nam aliquet, arcu a molestie fringilla, leo erat commodo velit, eu ultrices tortor risus quis purus. Suspendisse potenti. Nulla vehicula dapibus lectus sit amet lacinia. Curabitur fringilla laoreet justo sed euismod. Nunc sit amet ipsum ex. Phasellus eros neque, luctus sed laoreet a, posuere ut neque. Nullam viverra sapien ut nibh feugiat, ut tristique diam imperdiet. Donec sed elit et dolor sodales maximus. Etiam ac scelerisque tellus. Curabitur nec erat nisi. Etiam arcu arcu, finibus.

KEYWORDS

  • Indicate the discipline of the study, concepts studied, research design/process, and setting of the study (city and country) as keywords.
  • Set keywords in sentence case.

For example,
Keywords — Linguistics, communication strategies, descriptive design, Batac City, Philippines

INTRODUCTION
The Introduction should contain:
First Section
Global situational analysis of the problem supported by the literature from different continents
Second Section
The regional situational analysis is supported by literature from the region of the study. Researchers from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) such as Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam must include literature from these countries to capture the ASEAN perspective in the study.

Third Section

  • Gap in the literature that the study intends to address
  • Differentness of the study from other previous studies
  • Compelling reasons of the writer for choosing the problem

FRAMEWORK

  • (Optional for experimental research)
  • It should contain a basic explication of the meaning of the variables of the study.
  • Present the framework in either schematic or textual form merging the theories discussed in which the study was anchored.
  • Remove diagram unless very essential.
  • No framework is required (for experimental study).

OBJECTIVES

  • State the OBJECTIVES of the study in paragraph form.
  • Use objectives that show what the researcher shall do with the data and not words to indicate what the researcher intends to do as a research process.
  • Write the objectives in paragraph form setting one from the others by a number in close parenthesis.

METHODOLOGY

For Pure Sciences:

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Research Design
Research Site
Participants
Instrumentation
Construction, try-out, reliability, and validity
Research Ethics Protocol
• Informed consent
• Clearance from the Ethics Review Board
• Gratuitous permit from a government agency for floral and faunal studies
• Permit from the head of the indigenous peoples of the research sites
• Representative of animal welfare society for clinical
• studies involving animals
Data Collection
Statistical Techniques
• No formulae needed

For Social Sciences:
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Research Site
Participants
Instrumentation
• Construction, Try-out, Reliability, and Validity Research Ethics Protocol
• Informed consent
• Clearance from the Ethics Review Board
     Data Collection
     Statistical Techniques

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

  • Sometimes termed DISCUSSION only for theoretical papers
  • Answers to objectives
  • Highlight salient findings of the study supported by the literature.
  • Use keywords from objectives as side-head of the Results and Discussion.
  • Intercontinental support of the data (in-text citation)
  • Summary tables and significant results 
  • Validation of the theory used (integrated)
  • Provide a critique of the methods and theories used in the last paragraph.

Important notes:

  • Do not include the links in the body, use names of authors and/or agencies instead
  • Do not present the same data in both a Table and Figure – this is considered redundant and a waste of space and energy. Decide which format best shows the result and go with it.
  • Do not report raw data values when they can be summarized as means, percentages, etc.

CONCLUSIONS

  • In paragraph form, not broken down
  • Highlight new discovery (if any) that you obtained only after completing the study, something (not found in the literature) which contributes to new knowledge.
  • This section supports or negates previous conclusions, validates the theory used, and/or generates a new theory.

TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH

  • Paragraph form, not broken down
  • This part describes the various forms of popular and innovative media that translate scientific information into ways that can be understood by users of the research.
  • This includes but is not limited to policy, song, dance, illustrational books, drama, storytelling, brochures, posters, paintings, radio plays, and video clips.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

  • (Optional)
  • Limited to funders of the research
  • Acknowledge service agencies that funded the study (required).
  • Sources of data mining, e.g. WHO, UNESCO

LITERATURE CITED

No. of literature cited:

  • At least five from each continent

Quality:

  • Use recent sources (at least from the year 2010 onwards unless otherwise a justification is given

Order:

  • Arrange in alphabetical order

Inclusion:

  • Include all the names of authors who are cited in the body of your paper

Spacing:

  • Double-space in between referenced literature items; single space in between lines of each literature cited.

Referencing Styles:

  • All references used in the manuscript should be traceable online and formatted using Mendeley, Endnote, or Zotero. Authors must view Youtube tutorials to learn these referencing styles.
  • Authors are cautioned from using gray literature (any work that is NOT scientifically peer-reviewed and published in internationally indexed research journals). A substantial number of references must be Research Literature Reviews. The majority (60%) of the references cited must be taken from the subscription journals while 40% from Open Access sources.
  • Prefer references that have earned citations already.
  • The count is provided at the lower left side of every title. On the lower right is the word “cite”, click on this to get three options MLA, APA, and Chicago styles. Choose the appropriate
  • style for your study. If you decide to use MLA, then we prefer footnotes/endnotes. No reference list is required if you have endnotes. Copy and paste the citation given, and add the URL of the source with the phrase retrieved on (date) from (URL). Without URL, we choose to interpret the source as print only, and hence, not traceable online.
  • Include those works cited in the text. Each entry should contain all information necessary or unambiguous identification of the published work. Literature must be traceable online from peer-reviewed, indexed, cross-referenced journals in reputable databases.

For example,

Bei, G. X. (2012). Effects of Immediate Repetition in L2 Speaking Tasks: A Focused Study. English Language Teaching, 6(1), p11.

NOTE: Do not label this section “Bibliography”. A bibliography contains references that you may have read but have not specifically cited in the text. Bibliography sections are found in books and other literary writing, but not scientific journal-style papers.

 ADVISORY FOR LITERATURE CITED

  1. Traceability refers to the verification by independent parties of the original references using online technology through direct access to the website as a point of source.
  2. When the literature cited is copied and searched in google scholar, the original source comes out either as a full paper or abstract. The verifier can check if the source is scientific or grey literature if the interpretation as written is true to the original intent, if the ideas used were accurately taken if the writer copy pasted the portion in the original material, and if the writer plagiarized the source.
  3. The URL of the online article as a reference must be copied and pasted in the end part of the reference with the words “retrieved on (date) from (copy the URL)”. Without the URL the reference is understood as print only and hence has the inherent problem of poor traceability.
  4. When the URL link is dead, the reference must be replaced.
  5. Most URLs are long and cumbersome to attach and read. This must be shortened by copying and searching for the URL short version in TinyURL. Upon searching there for the short version,
    the computer asks you to enter a number combination that is given in a box and enter it into a designated box. The short version comes out and you will now replace the long version
    with it.
  6. In-text citations can use et al when there are more than two authors. But in the reference list, all authors must be listed since et al is never allowed. This is because all authors need to earn the citation counts of their papers. Citation count cannot happen when other authors are omitted because they are listed after the first author.
  7. Print sources are accepted only when there are justifications made why there is no online version, such as original documents which cannot be published for reasons of confidentiality of content, the original material has no online version yet, among other explanations. In which case, a scanned copy if available should be attached to the article for validation during the peer review process.
  8. Missing info happens during the documentation of the reference. To avoid this problem, the reference in google scholar has three versions, MLA, APA, and CMS, you copy the version you choose after you click CITE in the lower right portion of the reference title. Then, click the title to direct you to the original source. Copy the URL as in #3 and find the short version as in # 5.
  9. Alphabetize the references. Do not segregate books, or periodicals, among others.
  10. Examine the final list of these references have intercontinental representation. This is to avoid a limited point of view. Since journals have a global readership, references from various continents give a balanced view and a global perspective to the article regardless of scope.
  11. Search on the web for what constitutes grey literature and check your references for it. Replace grey literature.
  12. Most importantly, obtain soft copies of all your references and test them for plagiarism content using plagiarism detector software. Check the portion you are using if it is not plagiarized. Plagiarism is genetically transferred from one source to another and is not removed by mere attribution of source. Replace sources with high plagiarism content. Using a table, summarize plagiarism test results for all references implementing a standard of 90 percent originality and less than 5 percent of plagiarism. If you are using Turnitin, the standard is less than 10 percent of similarity.

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